Generating Link Preview

Link previews can help one understand a link. It is also much more beautiful than a simple hyperlink. Let’s discuss how to generate these beautiful previews for a web page. The resulting preview block looks like this:

Parsing metadata in header

As it is shown below, there are four major elements in a link preview.

Elements of a link preview block. source

The Python section gives the program to automatically generate a link preview provided a link. It depends on the stylesheet in the CSS section. Also, the script shown in the Javascript section needs to be appended to the end of the document to ensure a correct aspect ratio.

Python

Notes

import urllib3
import sys
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from html import unescape, escape
from termcolor import colored
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin, urlunparse
from datetime import datetime

def print_warning(*args, **kwargs):
    print(*[colored(s, 'red') for s in args], **kwargs)

def print_decision(*args, **kwargs):
    print(*[colored(s, 'green') for s in args], **kwargs)

hdr = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11',
       'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
       'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3',
       'Accept-Encoding': 'none',
       'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8',
       'Connection': 'keep-alive'}

urlInfo = urlparse(sys.argv[1])
if len(urlInfo.scheme) == 0 or len(urlInfo.netloc) == 0:
    raise RuntimeError('please use complete URL starting with http:// or https://')
urlBase = urlInfo.scheme + '://' + urlInfo.netloc

http = urllib3.PoolManager()
request = http.request('GET', sys.argv[1], headers=hdr)
content = request.data

soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'html5lib')

result = {}

def resolve_title():
    global soup

    tag = soup.find('meta', attrs={'property' : 'og:title'})
    if tag is not None and 'content' in tag.attrs:
        print_decision('title acquired from meta \"og:title\"')
        return tag['content']

    tag = soup.find('title')
    if tag is not None:
        print_decision('title acquired from title tag')
        return tag.text

    print_warning('unable to extract title from page')
    return None


def resolve_image():
    global soup, urlBase

    tag = soup.find('meta', attrs={'property' : 'og:image'})
    if tag is not None and 'content' in tag.attrs:
        print_decision('image acquired from meta \"og:image\"')
        return urljoin(urlBase, tag['content'])

    tag = soup.find('link', attrs={'rel' : 'shortcut icon'})
    if tag is not None and 'href' in tag.attrs:
        print_decision('image acquired from shortcut icon')
        return urljoin(urlBase, tag['href'])

    tag = soup.find('img')
    if tag is not None and 'src' in tag.attrs:
        print_decision('image acquired from the first image in page')
        return urljoin(urlBase, tag['src'])

    print_warning('unable to resolve image for page')
    return None

def resolve_description():
    global soup

    tag = soup.find('meta', attrs={'property' : 'og:description'})
    if tag is not None and 'content' in tag.attrs:
        print_decision('description acquired from meta \"og:description\"')
        return tag['content']

    body = soup.find('body')
    if body is not None:
        tag = body.find('p')
        if tag is not None:
            print_decision('description acquired from first paragraph')
            return tag.text

    print_warning('unable to resolve description for page')
    return None


def resolve_domain():
    global soup, urlInfo

    tag = soup.find('meta', attrs={'property' : 'og:url'})
    if tag is not None and 'content' in tag.attrs:
        ogUrlInfo = urlparse(tag['content'])
        if len(ogUrlInfo.netloc) > 0:
            print_decision('domain name acquired from meta \"og:url\"')
            return ogUrlInfo.netloc

    print_decision('domain name acquired from input')
    return urlInfo.netloc

def show_result():
    global result

    for key, val in result.items():
        print(key + ': ' + val)

def build_link_preview():
    global result

    template = r'''
<div class="div-link-preview">
    <div class="div-link-preview-col div-link-preview-col-l">
        <img class="div-link-preview-img" src="{img_link:}">
    </div>
    <div class="div-link-preview-col div-link-preview-col-r">
        <div style="display: block; height: 100%; padding-left: 10px;">
            <div class="div-link-preview-title"><a href="{page_link:}">{page_title:}</a></div>
            <div class="div-link-preview-content">{page_description:}</div>
            <div class="div-link-preview-domain">
            <span style="font-size: 80%;">&#x1F4C5;</span>&nbsp;{proc_date:}
            <span style="font-size: 80%; margin-left: 20px;">&#x1F517;</span>&nbsp;{page_domain:}</div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
'''

    return template.format(
        img_link=result['image'],
        page_title=result['title'],
        page_link=result['link'],
        page_description=result['description'],
        page_domain=result['domain'],
        proc_date=result['access_date']
    )


result['title'] = resolve_title()
result['image'] = resolve_image()
result['description'] = resolve_description()
result['domain'] = resolve_domain()
result['link'] = sys.argv[1]
result['access_date'] =  datetime.now().strftime('%b %-d, %Y')

show_result()

print('')
print(build_link_preview())

Output snapshot

(base) user@machine:~/website_jekyll_folder/_script$ python gen_link_preview.py https://medium.com/better-programming/link-previews-more-than-meets-the-eye-aa13c77c6d69
/home/alan/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:847: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
title acquired from meta "og:title"
image acquired from meta "og:image"
description acquired from meta "og:description"
domain name acquired from meta "og:url"
title: Link Previews — More than Meets the Eye
image: https://miro.medium.com/max/1200/0*f6Vz4GodmmZIUtP6
description: Ever wondered how this preview is generated?
domain: medium.com
link: https://medium.com/better-programming/link-previews-more-than-meets-the-eye-aa13c77c6d69
access_date: Mar 25, 2020


<div class="div-link-preview">
    <div class="div-link-preview-col div-link-preview-col-l">
        <img class="div-link-preview-img" src="https://miro.medium.com/max/1200/0*f6Vz4GodmmZIUtP6">
    </div>
    <div class="div-link-preview-col div-link-preview-col-r">
        <div style="display: block; height: 100%; padding-left: 10px;">
            <div class="div-link-preview-title"><a href="https://medium.com/better-programming/link-previews-more-than-meets-the-eye-aa13c77c6d69">Link Previews — More than Meets the Eye</a></div>
            <div class="div-link-preview-content">Ever wondered how this preview is generated?</div>
            <div class="div-link-preview-domain">
            <span style="font-size: 80%;">📅</span>&nbsp;Mar 25, 2020
            <span style="font-size: 80%; margin-left: 20px;">🔗</span>&nbsp;medium.com</div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

CSS

.div-link-preview {
	margin-left: auto;
	margin-right: auto;
	border-radius: 10px;
	border: 2px solid #C0C0C0;
	overflow: hidden;
	width: 90%;
	margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.div-link-preview:after {
	content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

.div-link-preview-col {
	float: left;
}

.div-link-preview-col-l {
	width: 18%
}

.div-link-preview-col-r {
	width: 80%;
	padding-top: 5px;
}


.div-link-preview-img {
	width: 100%;
	height: 100%;
	object-fit: cover;
}


.div-link-preview-content::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 0px;
    background: transparent; /* Chrome/Safari/Webkit */
}

.div-link-preview-title {
	display: block;
	margin-right: auto;
	width: 98%;
	font-weight: bold;
	overflow: hidden;
	text-overflow: ellipsis;
	white-space: nowrap;
	color: #101010;
	text-decoration: underline;
}

.div-link-preview-title a{
	color: #101010;
	text-decoration: underline;
}

.div-link-preview-content {
	display: block;
	font-size: small;
	height: 58%;
	overflow: auto;
	color: #606060;
}

.div-link-preview-domain {
	padding-right: 2%;
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
	color: #808080;
	text-align: right;
	font-size: 80%;
	font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

Javascript

<script>
	function adjustLinkPreviewHeight(){
	  console.log("running!");
	  var cats = document.querySelectorAll('.div-link-preview');
	  //console.log(cats.length);
	  for (var i = 0; i < cats.length; i++) {
		var left = cats[i].querySelector('.div-link-preview-col-l');
		var right = cats[i].querySelector('.div-link-preview-col-r');
		var width = left.clientWidth;
		cats[i].style.height = width + "px";
		left.style.height = width + "px";
		right.style.height = width + "px";
	  }
	}

	adjustLinkPreviewHeight();
</script>